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}} | image = Juan_de_Miranda_Carreno_002.jpg | imagesize =220px | reign = 17 September 1665 – 1 November 1700 | regent = Mariana of Austria ''(1665–75)'' | coronation = | predecessor = Philip IV | successor = Philip V | house = House of Habsburg | spouse = Marie Louise d'Orléans Maria Anna of Neuburg | father = Philip IV of Spain | mother = Mariana of Austria | birth_date = | birth_place = Royal Alcazar of Madrid, Spain | death_date = | death_place = Royal Alcazar, Madrid, Spain | place of burial = El Escorial, Spain | religion = Roman Catholicism | signature = Firma del Rey Carlos II.svg }} Charles II ((スペイン語:Carlos II)) (6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700) was the last Habsburg ruler of Spain. His realm included Southern Netherlands and Spain's overseas empire, stretching from the Americas to the Spanish East Indies. Known as "the Bewitched" (Spanish: ''el Hechizado''), he is noted for his extensive physical, intellectual, and emotional disabilities (the product of generations of inbreeding between the Habsburgs)—along with his consequent ineffectual rule. He died in 1700, childless and heirless, with all potential Habsburg successors having predeceased him. In his will, Charles named as his successor his 16-year-old grand-nephew, Philip, Duke of Anjou, grandson of Charles' half-sister Maria Theresa of Spain, the first wife of Louis XIV〔Kamen, Henry. "Philip V of Spain: The King who Reigned Twice", Published by Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08718-7〕 (and thus grandson of the reigning French king Louis XIV). Because the other European powers viewed the prospective dynastic relationship between France and Spain as disturbing the balance of power in Europe, the War of the Spanish Succession ensued shortly after his death. ==Early life== Charles was born in the Spanish capital, Madrid, the son of Philip IV of Spain and his second wife, Mariana of Austria (also known as Maria Anna). As the only surviving male heir of his father's two marriages, Charles was named Prince of Asturias, the title given to the person first in line to the Spanish throne. The Spanish branch of the Habsburg royal family was noted for extreme consanguinity.〔(Royal dynasties as human inbreeding laboratories: the Habsburgs, by F. C. Ceballos & G. Álvarez1 )〕 Well aware that they owed their power to fortunate marriages, they married between themselves to protect their gains. Philip and Mariana were actually uncle and niece. Charles was physically and mentally disabled and infertile, possibly due to this massive inbreeding. Due to the deaths of his half brothers, he was the last member of the male Spanish Habsburg line.〔(Nature Inbred royals show traces of natural selection by Ewen Callaway )〕 Charles did not learn to speak until the age of four nor to walk until eight,〔 and was treated as virtually an infant until he was ten years old. His jaw was so badly deformed (an extreme example of the so-called Habsburg jaw) that he could barely speak or chew. Fearing the frail child would be overtaxed, his caretakers did not force Charles to attend school. The indolence of the young Charles was indulged to such an extent that at times he was not expected to be clean. When his half-brother Don Juan José of Austria, an illegitimate son of Philip IV, obtained power by exiling the queen mother from court, he covered his nose and insisted that the king at least brush his hair. The only vigorous activity in which Charles is known to have participated was shooting. He occasionally indulged in the sport in the preserves of El Escorial. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles II of Spain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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